Decisions · Policy · United Kingdom

A deeper look into the EU text and data mining exceptions: harmonisation, data ownership, and the future of technology

Thomas Margoni (KU Leuven) and Martin Kretschmer (University of Glasgow, CREATe) · 2022 · Proposal · non-binding

71 GRUR International 685 (2022), doi:10.1093/grurint/ikac054 (open access)

AI training and copyright

Can AI be trained on protected works?

Freely allowed

Extracting information from works shouldn't need an exception at all

Why hereCoded at the pole: its core holding or recommendation answers the question outright.

What it says

The authors find the EU exceptions too narrow in key ways and argue that extracting informational value from protected works should not require a text and data mining exception in the first place. They warn the current rules may push EU developers toward older, biased data or models trained abroad.

Two of Europe's best-known copyright scholars on why the EU approach may backfire.

Sources

This record

Data as of 2026-10-21.

Drafted with AI assistance and checked against the sources linked above; not yet reviewed by a lawyer. Methodology

No changes logged yet. The change log started on 2026-10-20.