Decisions · Policy · United States

Prompting progress: authorship in the age of AI

Edward Lee (Chicago-Kent College of Law) · 2023 · Proposal · non-binding

SSRN 4609687 (2023)

Protection of AI output

Can AI-generated work be protected?

Closer to AI output protected

Many prompt-engineered works meet the bare minimum of creativity; fully autonomous output does not

Why hereCloser to 'AI output protected': minimal creativity, which selection or arrangement can supply, is enough, so many prompt-engineered works qualify. Fully autonomous output does not.

What it says

Lee argues the Copyright Office's 'traditional elements of authorship' test has no basis in the Constitution, precedent or the Copyright Act. The only test is whether a person contributes at least minimal creativity, which selection or arrangement can satisfy, so many prompt-engineered works qualify while entirely autonomous output does not.

The strongest academic challenge to the Copyright Office's approach to AI-assisted works.

Sources

This record

Data as of 2026-10-21.

Drafted with AI assistance and checked against the sources linked above; not yet reviewed by a lawyer. Methodology

No changes logged yet. The change log started on 2026-10-20.